Learn Chapter-wise
NCERT solutions, question by question
Class 12 Computer Science
CBSE 2026–27 · 16 chapters · concept notes, NCERT solutions, examples & practice
- 1Unit I — Python revision: functions, scope, mutable/immutable arguments, returning values
- 2Unit I — File handling: text files (open, read, readline, readlines, write, writelines, seek, tell)
- 3Unit I — Binary files: pickle (dump, load), search, append and update records
- 4Unit I — CSV files: csv module, reader and writer objects, csv.writerow / writerows
- 5Unit I — Data structures: Stack (LIFO) using lists — push, pop, peek, overflow/underflow
- 6Unit II — Computer Networks: evolution of networking, types (PAN, LAN, MAN, WAN)
- 7Unit II — Network devices: modem, hub, switch, repeater, router, gateway, NIC
- 8Unit II — Network topologies (bus, star, tree, mesh) and transmission media
- 9Unit II — Applications: web services, WWW, HTTP/HTTPS, FTP, TCP/IP, SMTP, POP3, VoIP, NFC
- 10Unit II — Web scripting, cookies, web hosting, browser settings, URL vs domain name
- 11Unit III — Database concepts: relational model, keys (primary, candidate, foreign), DBMS advantages
- 12Unit III — Structured Query Language: DDL (CREATE, ALTER, DROP), DML (INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE)
- 13Unit III — SQL queries: SELECT with WHERE, BETWEEN, IN, LIKE, ORDER BY, DISTINCT, NULL handling
- 14Unit III — SQL aggregate functions, GROUP BY, HAVING, joins (equi-join, Cartesian product)
- 15Unit III — Interface Python with MySQL: connect, cursor, execute, fetchone/fetchall/fetchmany, commit
- 16Practical — Python programs, SQL queries, Python–SQL connectivity project and lab record